Organizational Leadership and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Authoritative Leadership and Motivation - Essay Example The primary significant part of building up the right initiative depends on the earth which is made, explicitly in light of the objective of having development as the main factor for those overseeing various groups. There are three variables which are noted in the condition that builds up the right culture for an association. This incorporates the upgrade, limit and execution results. The boost inside the earth should be made to welcome in various degrees of advancement and to assemble a culture that is intelligent of finding and growing new thoughts. The limit which follows this proceeds with the comprehension of the diverse HR and how they can react and move toward the distinctive natural needs that are happening. This can be joined with the exhibition, which becomes critical due to the manner by which this mirrors the hierarchical condition. As the way of life of the hierarchical condition is invigorated, the exhibition should increment and more reactions from colleagues ought to be accessible. The air and condition which is made from the authoritative culture at that point needs to appear and mirror all parts of how the association is overseen (Prajogo, 2006: 15). The condition that is reflected and the improvement, limit and execution are additionally reflected with qualities that are in the hierarchical culture. This is driven by making ways for chances to be additionally characterized while the impediments inside the work structure are lifted. The idea of building the correct open doors is one which starts with building up a framework through specialized and non †specialized applications which can be utilized. The methodology is to discover various assets and devices which are included into the earth and which construct and build up an elective way to deal with making the correct improvement inside the earth. This joins with understanding sorts of advancement inside the earth and manners by which this can be reflected through circumstances. The prim ary way to deal with take with the earth is to permit assets, thoughts and extension to be persistently accessible to the workers, groups and pioneers. As the frameworks inside the earth can make the correct methodologies there is the capacity to create and comprehend the connections that are related with the association. The earth should make a procedure and comprehension of this through the way of life to additionally reflect what is required for new advancements to be created (Walker, 2007: 591). The earth which is made with assets and different frameworks should additionally create with expected techniques that welcome development. The authority field is one which needs to make a domain that is invigorating and which offers cooperation and advancement to be made. Assisting this

Why Did the Us Introduce Marshall Aid Free Essays

For what reason did the US present Marshall Aid? The primary motivation behind why the US acquainted Marshall Aid was with forestall the spread of Communism. In 1946 nearly the entire of Eastern Europe was Communist, this was because of the activities of Stalin, he needed to develop a line of nations around Russia and use them as a â€Å"buffer zone† to shield the USSR from being assaulted. England had troops in Greece and was battling a Civil War against the Communists in dread that it also would fall under Stalin’s Communist standard. We will compose a custom paper test on For what reason Did the Us Introduce Marshall Aid or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The USA stepped in when the British declared that they could no longer stand to keep their soldiers in Greece, Truman expected that the entire of Eastern Europe would get Communist (the possibility of Communism was exceptionally famous in the midst of difficulty, the socialists accepted that the abundance of the most extravagant individuals ought to be shared out among poor people) so he consented to pay for military supplies, weapons, financial guide and British soldiers to be sent to Greece and Turkey. The USA’s help before long got known as The Truman Doctrine. This was the possibility that socialism ought not be permitted to develop and pick up an area, and that it was America’s ‘duty’ to battle for freedom. It was concurred that they would send assets to any Government that was undermined by socialism. The Truman Doctrine was huge as it separated the world, demonstrating that Capitalism and Communism were in restriction, which proposed that the East and the West could no longer co-work. This underscored the numerous contrast between them. The Marshall Plan began the Truman Doctrine in June 1947, when it was declared that $17 billion ought to be given to Europe to help modify their wasteful economy and forestall the spread of socialism. For the USA, Marshall Aid was acquainted with cause the possibility of Capitalism to show up all the more engaging, it was additionally acquainted with attempt to forestall socialism spreading. This currently features how startled they were of Communism and how much they would go to forestall it affecting the entire of Europe. For the nations in Europe that got help through the Marshall Plan it was viewed as a method of reconstructing their economies and forestalling socialism in their own nation. The most effective method to refer to Why Did the Us Introduce Marshall Aid, Papers

IS theories, are they emerged in IS disciplines or adopted from other Article - 1

IS speculations, are they risen in IS teaches or received from different controls - Article Example 66). These jobs include: Data frameworks have likewise significantly affected efficiency of administration and assembling activities. Late examinations have prompted production line mechanization, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, and so on. Such advances have improved the efficiency and nature of associations (Gurbaxani and Seungjin, 1991, p. 66). Different hypotheses inside the data frameworks discipline have added to the advancement of use frameworks. For instance, information sharing between various associations and gatherings has been empowered by leading both mental and social investigations. By applying obtained speculations from these controls it has been conceivable to distinguish what variables influence information sharing conduct in people (Hall, 2003, p.11). Writing from such examinations reveals insight into the components inspiring information and data sharing inside associations. At last, this will empower the advancement of frameworks and strategies that are of incredible advantage to an association. Hypotheses inside the order of data frameworks have empowered framework designers to legitimize the expenses related with advancement of utilization frameworks for association. It is presently conceivable to legitimize the key bit of leeway of data frameworks to the directors of an association. The hypothesis of serious procedure has empowered firms to change the manner in which they serve their clients all with an end goal to acquire benefits. Examination into human conduct has empowered the improvement of client focused application frameworks. Data framework as a control is worried about the advancement of data frameworks that model true ancient rarities. It is essential that these genuine antiques be displayed in an appropriate way. For this to be conceivable, fine speculations are required. These speculations empower designers and scientists to depict the realities and occasions that are being demonstrated. Hypotheses are utilized in configuration ventures to trigger the points of interest of

Robert cobb essy Free Essays

Since 1937, in excess of 4 million Cobb plates of mixed greens have been sold at Brown Derby cafés, as indicated by the Brown Derby Restaurant Group, which, since the two unique Hollywood eateries have losed, is the thing that the organization calls itself. It licenses the eatery name for stock (Including packaged Cobb serving of mixed greens dressing), just as to Disney, which opened a multiplication of the first Brown Derby in Orlando, Florida, in 1989 and, In 1990. Consented to a 20-year arrangement for Brown Derby cafés In Tokyo, Paris and Anaheim, California. We will compose a custom exposition test on Robert cobb essy or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now As a culinary craftsmanship understudy it’s Important that you think about your gourmet expert in such a case that you’re causing one of their plans you to have a little foundation data on the individual. I decided to expound on this culinary specialist for my paper since I was CUri0US If estaurants still make Cobb plates of mixed greens the very same way that gourmet expert cobb did. Something that astounded me the most would need to be that he made this plate of mixed greens on mishap and it was a success. The most significant thing that’s noteworthy about my culinary expert is that he sold more than 4 million of his servings of mixed greens since 1937. robert cobb exposition By tethridgel 4 My well known gourmet specialist was Robert Cobb. He was conceived February 8, 1899 in Moberly, MO. age 16. He later got into land and opened the celebrated Brown Derby café Street, Just south of Hollywood Boulevard, that was the most popular. It opened on Cobb, who was the blend food checker, steward, purchaser, clerk, and infrequent cook when the main Derby opened. After the passings of Mizner and Somborn, it was Cobb who assumed control over the cafés in 1934. slinked eagerly in his restaurant’s kitchen for a bite. Opening the colossal product (counting packaged Cobb plate of mixed greens dressing), just as to Disney, which in 1990. Consented to a 20-year arrangement for Brown Derby cafés in Tokyo, Paris and As a culinary craftsmanship understudy it’s significant that you think about your cook in such a case that individual. I decided to expound on this cook for my article since I was interested if Step by step instructions to refer to Robert cobb essy, Papers

Bringing It All Together Essay Example For Students

Uniting It All Essay Word Count: 592The Epilog of the Tempest by William Shakespeare is a great if not the best case of Shakespeares brilliance.In 20 lines Shakespeare can compose a superb closure of his play, while talking through his characters about Shakespeares own life and profession. Much more incredibly, he seemlessly integrates the two. With regards to the story Prosperos monolog bodes well. He has lost his mystical force, so his charms are oerthrown, and what quality Prospero haves his own, which is generally swoon. He is currently limited on the Island, for his other decision is go to Naples and recover his dukedom, yet he doesnt need to do that since he has just exculpated the liar who took his position numerous years back. Prospero then says something somewhat peculiar, however it bodes well with regards to the story, he request that we discharge him from his groups with the assistance of your great hands. At the end of the day, applaud so the sails of the pontoons his companions are riding in will be securely returned and Prospero can be alleviated by supplication of the crowd. All of what Prospero has said is decent adorable, yet the most intriguing piece of this monolog is the thing that Shakespeare himself is stating. Since my charms are all oerthrown, and what quality I haves mine own methods, presently my plays are finished, and its not, at this point my characters talking. The Island or stage Shakespeare is on is currently uncovered and it is the ideal opportunity for you the crowd to discharge Shakespeare and his entertainers from this play with the assistance of your great hands. Shakespeare was not exclusively being discharged for the exhibition of the play, he was being discharge from his vocation as a dramatist. In any case, there are more motivations to applaud other than the conspicuous explanation that the play is finished, Shakespeare couldn't permit his last play to be terrible, his venture was to please. He emphasizes this point by saying and my consummation is despair except if I be diminished by supplication, or the applauding of the crow d and it liberates all issues and permits Shakespeare to enjoy the applauding and delight of the crowd. At long last, after we seperate the two alternate points of view, we can step back and perceive how Shakespeare mystically functions them together. The primary such joke is on the word swoon, in the third line. Prospero utilizes black out to portray his quality, yet Shakespeare makes it a play on words on the quip he is making! Allow me to clarify, black out methods light (amoung different things), which means happy, or fun. As though you suspected this wasnt confounding enough as of now, you could put a play on words on the joke on the joke! Once more, let me clarify, black out can likewise mean hard to see, similar to the joke on the play on words! That may be pushing it a bit, however. The thing about Shakespeare is the sky is the limit. Another, more subtle however increasingly huge two sided connotation is on the word please on line 13. Prospero is truly saying his objective was to satisfy the individuals on the Island, Shakespeare is stating his objective was to satisfy his cro wd. Shakespeare was no ifs, ands or buts is probably the best creator ever, this Epilog unmistakably gives us that. this paper isn't actually cleaned, yet there is A LOT of good understanding, A quality, even at the school level

Magical Attic Race for the Apples Math Maze

Magical Attic Race for the Apples Math Maze FutureFit SV ? A fun maze puzzle that reinforces math skills Help Eclipse Doggy find his way to his apple snack! The catch - early learners need to choose the path that adds up to 10 in order to reach their goal. This printable helps build number recognition, counting, and addition skills for grades K-2, and provides a fun challenge in the process! BCP Imagines BCP Imagines BCP Imagines designs and develops unique multimedia that brings children and their families creative, fun, shared experiences. Our award-winning cross-platform content encourages creative learning, expression and play while helping kids of ALL ages open their imaginations and look at their world in a new way. BCP Imagines' multi-award winning series Drawing with Mark brings the joy of learning to draw to all ages. The Magical Attic?, where anything is possible,? was created to help foster imagination and creative play while encouraging positive attitudes emphasizing the important lessons of kindness, friendship and helping others. Visit the Magical Attic store or purchase the Drawing with Mark collection!

Oil in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa Term Paper - 1375 Words

Oil in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa (Term Paper Sample) Content: Oil in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa[Name][Instructor]IntroductionAfter a half- century of exploration, oil was discovered in Nigeria in 1956. The discovery was made at Oloibiri, which is in the Niger Delta. The discovery had been made by Shell-BP, which happened to be the only concessionaire at the time. By the year 1958, Nigeria had joined the league of major oil producers when the first oil field managed to produce 5,100 BPD. Exploration rights were extended to foreign companies after 1960. Nigeria went on to join OPEC in 1971 and then established a state-owned corporation (NNPC) Nigeria National Petroleum Company (Amadou, 2014).Over 90 percent of Nigeriaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s gross earnings is from oil trade and, therefore, the commodity forms a large part of its economy. Oil exports also account for a large percent of GDP in other oil producing countries in Africa like Gabon, the Republic of Congo, Angola and Equatorial Guinea. The falling oil prices, therefore, have an a dverse impact on the economies sub-Saharan African countries where oil is responsible for 75 percent of revenues.By mid-July of 2014, there were signs of global oil demand disappearing, this promptly affected the price of hit US $ 80/bbl. The price at the pump also went down. Low prices of oil in turn affected oil producersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ currencies, Nigeria being among them. Sub-Saharan African countries that export oil like Nigeria and Gabon will find it hard to pay their debts because the decrease in oil revenue and the depreciation of their currencies will definitely make the U.S dollar denominated debt to be higher (Amadou, 2014)Political risks due to fall in oil pricesSubsequently the economic effect of the decreasing oil prices leads to an increase in political tension in African countries like South Sudan. The young nation is experiencing the least oil prices at the moment in a range of $20-$25 a barrel. This is a result of the fall in prices of oil combined with poor pipeline c ontracts. Part of South Sudan negotiation leading to their independence involved making a fixed payment for the use of pipeline that pass through Sudan, thus the falling oil prices are decreasing their profit margin (Blake Nathanial, 2013).South Sudan had a bet on $100 per barrel price and made a pledge of payment at $11 per barrel. Therefore, the decreasing in oil price is not going well with South Sudan. In a similar way, Nigeria ought to watch for the increasing investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ nervousness due to Boko Haram. When investors get scared and become more risk alert, they usually overlook measures put in place by authorities to contain the effect of falling prices.Decrease of demand in emerging marketsThere has been a drop in demand for oil across Europe, India, China, Brazil, Japan and other parts of the emerging markets for oil. The drop in demand can be attributed to any factors like the slow growth in the economy and the increase in global oil produce (particularly in North A merica). In August 2014, Saudi Arabia decided to reduce its oil output by 400,000 barrels per day. The move is seen as defense of its market share in fall of global oil prices (Amadou, 2014).Only the major exporters of oil like the Arab countries can survive the fall in oil prices. This is because they have small population, big foreign currency reserves and they experience low cost in production. Nigeria, Russia, Colombia and Venezuela are currently the biggest losers from the decrease in oil prices, according to Neil Shearing, a market economist based in London.Americaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s production of oil has gone twice in the last five years as a result of the new drilling technologies. United States has gone on to be the largest producers of oil and gas, overtaking Russia as Saudi Arabia comes third. With an increase in production of oil and the demand going down as a result of slow economic growth, a collapse in the price is bound to continue. Sub-Saharan African countries like Nigeri a whose economies largely depend on oil will remain hard hit by the condition.OPECà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s power fadesThe "swing" producers who happe...

The Religion Of Thinness An Spiritual Hungers Behind...

â€Å"Michelle M. Lelwica author of The Religion of Thinness: Satisfying the Spiritual Hungers Behind Women’s Obsession with Food and Weight declared that ‘Thinness is worshipped in American culture. Unrealistic body images are promoted in the media and entertainment resulting in greater numbers of women and men who feel ‘too fat’ and suffer from eating disorders’† (Shell 1). Eating disorders are characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating. Eating disorders have several causes including behavioral, psychological, and social factors, and they frequently appear during adolescence or early adulthood, but it may also develop earlier or later in life. In today’s culture media has a more powerful presence than ever before; this causes the individual to be constantly bombarded by what the media portrays as a â€Å"good† body. The mass communication transmits both posit ive and negative messages about body image to the public. The general public unaware of what a positive or negative body image can do in mental and physical health end up trying to meet those unrealistic standards, thus, so inducing harmful lifestyles. Eating disorders can be caused by sociocultural incitements such as unrealistic standards, set by society and culture, and lack of knowledge about positive and negative body image, but regulations and education must be established to help reduce the problems. Some people might argue that eating disorders are

The Debate On Animal Testing And Abortion - 2197 Words

There are two main perspectives for almost every topic that is arguable. Those perspectives are for the topic and against it. Whatever side a person chooses, they need good pieces of evidence and a good argument to back their opinion up, in order to effectively achieve the purpose of trying to get their audience on their side of the argument. There are many controversial topics that constantly have people arguing back and forth, debating on which person is right and on which person has better reasons that make their opinion right. Having the strength of good arguing skills helps a writer to express what they are feeling and helps them to connect more with their audience. The writer effectively does this by using rhetoric to persuade their audience to their side. The use of rhetoric helps the writer’s audience to view the topic in a new way. Two controversial topics that are big in society today are animal testing and abortion. These topics produce very strong opinions on both sides of the arguments. One example of this is one’s opinion on the testing and researching of drugs on animals. Testing of drugs on animals is used to try and give scientists and doctors a better understanding of how those drugs might work on humans. The results that they get from these experiments are said to help with the evolution of the medicine that is given to humans because of being able to more accurately create a drug that will not harm humans as much as it would if the drugs were not firstShow MoreRelatedPossibilities Of Consciousness And Human Consciousness1452 Words   |  6 Pageskeeps enhancing with it. Human consciousness is a well-known concept in the society that is constantly growing and changing the legal fields including abortion. Abortion is an immensely thorny debate in this society that can be taken out of concept and twisted in a way to appeal to your ethical and religious views. Some in society believe that abortion causes the fetus pain and that they can experience to the extent that we ourselves can, in other words believing that to abort a fetus would be equalRead More Medical Advances Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic testing has already revealed genetic mutations that cause hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, colon cancer, polycystic kidney disease, Alzheimers disease, and others. (5) Replacing missing, altered, inactive, or dysfunctional genes will prevent diseases or even death. Also, progression of a disease can be monitored, and proactive measures against recurrence and relapse of the disease can be made. Molecular medicine in genetics will also improve the design and testing of newRead MoreWho Really Possesses The Right?1402 Words   |  6 PagesReally Possesses the Right? The topic of abortion has seen its fair share of morals, science, philosophy, and religion. However, from a simple biological standpoint we can determine whether or not this is a topic worthy of such intense debate. It seems the majority of those who oppose legal abortion believe in the sanctity of life, and some of these individuals are of religious background. On the other side of the fence, we have the supporters of legal abortion that usually use the concept of autonomyRead MoreBio Ethics Essay3296 Words   |  14 Pagesmuch as possible. Abortion (the terminating of a foetus) is a highly controvertible issue and is approached by all Buddhism forms of Buddhism in a very serious manner. The central questions concerning abortion however are approached in the same manner; when does the foetus acquire human status and is abortion ever justifiable? Mahayana Buddhists in particular have adopted a classical Hindu view that state that consciousness occurs at conception, and therefore that all abortion is killing. But beforeRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice1282 Words   |  6 PagesAbortions are one of the countless subjects that every person has an interpretation about. As defined by the 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary, an abortion is, â€Å"the conclusion of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, succeeding in, or closely shadowed by the passing of the embryo or fetus as a natural removal of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation also known as a miscarriage, the tempted exclusion of a human fetus, or the dismissal of a fetus by a local animal often due to infection atRead More Cloning Essay example1310 Words   |  6 PagesCloning Abstract The question to clone or not to clone is currently center stage of scientific debate. Since the birth of Dolly, the sheep, in 1997 the controversial question of cloning has been paramount throughout the entire globe. The question is no longer whether it can be done, but whether is should be done and to what extent. We have already cloned goats, mice, monkeys, cattle, and pigs (Cloning fact sheet). Scientists are now trying to get approval to clone humans orRead MoreAnimal Rights And Human Rights1627 Words   |  7 Pages Animal rights is a very controversial topic in today’s world. This controversy began back in 1975 when Peter Singer’s novel Animal Liberation was published. In the book, Singer explains the issues we still face at the top of animal protectionism today. Although Singer and his theories enlightened a lot of people of animal protectionism, he actually did not start the animal rights debate. People started questioning the status of animals all the way back to ancient Greece. Some people in these timesRead More Animal Rights Essay851 Words   |  4 Pages Animals have been used in medical research for centuries. In a recent count, it was determined that 8,815 animals were being used for research at MSU, 8,503 of them rodents - rats, mice, hamsters and gerbils. There were 18 dogs, three cats and a variety of goats, ferrets, pigeons and rabbits. The struggle against this tyranny is a struggle as important as any of the moral and social issues that have been fought over in re cent years.quot; Animal rights are an emotional issue-second only, perhapsRead MoreA Research Study On Embryonic Stem Cell Research1618 Words   |  7 Pagesinduced pluripotent stem cells. It is also an issue that performing embryonic stem cell research requires the destruction of human embryos, a task that many people find to be equivalent to the murder of a human being. Similar to the arguments against abortion, it is often times contended that destroying these embryos is a destruction of human life, because they have human like characteristics, like genetic material, and sometimes even a heartbeat, depending on the semester in which the pregnancy is terminatedRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1587 Words   |  7 Pagesbiotechnology. They offer the possibility of addressing some difficult problems, but they also present a number of uncertainties. Their development has sparked debates about the direction of agriculture and the control of technology. These debates ar e partially grounded in differing values, so there is little prospect of simple resolution. The Big Debate Proponents argue that GMO food sources represent the only viable solution to food shortages in an ever-growing global population (Journal of Biotechnology)

African Americans from 1865 - 2319 Words

African Americans from 1865 Sandelle Studway HIS204 Joseph Scahill 01/22/13 African Americans from 1865 African Americans have fought a great battle to become a part of society in America. Since being taken from African as slaves in the 1600’s there has been a continuous battle for equality since. Since the end of slavery Black Americans have had many accomplishments along with hardships. In this paper I will discuss some of the Major events in African American history beginning with the end of slavery which has lead to the America we know today. In 1865 Congress passed the thirteenth Amendment stating† Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall†¦show more content†¦The Bureau was renewed by a Congressional bill in 1866 but was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson, who thought it was unconstitutional. Johnson was opposed to having the federal government secure black rights. Congress passed the bill over his veto. Southern whites were basically opposed to blacks having any rights at all, and the Bureau lacked military force to back up its authority as the army had been quickly disbanded and most of the soldiers assigned to the Western frontier. The Bureau was able to accomplish some of its goals, especially in the field of education. frontier. The Bureau was able to accomplish some of its goals, especially in the field of education. There is much more African American has to overcome and many victories and defeat, In the process of fighting for equality in 1909 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is founded in New York by prominent black and white intellectuals and led by W.E.B. Du Bois. For the next half century, it would serve as the countrys most influential African-American civil rights organization. In 1910, its journal, The Crisis, was launched. Among its well known leaders were James Weldon Johnson, Ella Baker, Moorfield Storey, Walter White, Roy Wilkins, Benjamin Hooks, Myrlie Evers-Williams, Julian Bond, and Kwesi Mfume. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s, the association led the black civil rights struggle in fighting injustices such as the denial ofShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans from 1865 to the Present2215 Words   |  9 PagesAfrican Americans from 1865 to the Present HIS 204 Instructor Cheryl Lemus 2014 The United States have come along way in terms of making society what it is today. These ground that we walk on have been the pot in which many different races brew. From the beginning of the development of the United States, there have always been at least two or three different types of races talked about in almost every historical event. The United States would not be what it is today without unity, and the combinationRead MoreThe Fallacy of ‘Emancipation’: African Americans in Florida from 1865 - 1870 1918 Words   |  8 PagesThe African-American during the Reconstruction Era probably felt victorious as well as discomfited. Prior to the Civil war, slaves hoped freedom would give them the right of equal status in American society, but their dream of an egalitarian America was impeded after Lincoln’s assassination. To add to former slave woes, the southern economy lay destitute. Many southerners felt the added wage earners (former slaves) would destroy the co tton business’s productivity. Stated thus, many African-AmericansRead MoreThe Rise of African-Americans from 1865 to 2012, Their Struggles to Become Free Americans3047 Words   |  13 PagesHead: The Rise of African- Americans From 1865 To 2012, Their Struggles To Become Free Americans THE RISE OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS FROM 1865 TO 2012, THEIR STRUGGLES TO BECOME FREE AMERICANS Brenda Maynard HIS204: American History Since 1865 (GSN1241A) Instructor: Tracy Samperio Ashford University October29, 2012 The Rise of African- Americans The Rise of African- Americans From 1865 To 2012, Their Struggles To Become Free Americans After the Civil War African-American expected to haveRead MoreHow Far Did Us Presidents Hinder Rather Than Help the Development of African American Civil Rights in the Period from 1865-1941?1644 Words   |  7 PagesHow far did US presidents hinder rather than help the development of African American civil rights in the period from 1865-1941? During the period 1865 to 1941, there were as many as 18 presidents in office and in one way or another, they would’ve had to deal with the ongoing issue of black civil rights, whether that be improving them or reversing them. 1865 was the year of the end of the civil war, which has been a war over the question of whether slavery should be allowed. The South was defendingRead MoreThe During The 19th Century902 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferentiation between the gender roles, especially of the upper and middle classes. In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support the soldiers. In the meantime, African slaves had been set free or run to serve in the military among whites. Later in 19th century, the 14th and 15th amendment were ratifiedRead MoreThe Reconstruction E ra Was A Success1490 Words   |  6 PagesE. Lee at Appomattox Court House in 1865 and ending with the implementation of the Compromise of 1877. The Reconstruction Era was a time period full of political, economic, and social changes, some being temporary and some lasting to modern time. Many modern ideas about freedom and political equality come from the positive results of reconstruction. Reconstruction however did not successfully solve the problem of social inequality between African Americans and White Southerners, but the goalRead MoreWhat Was Freedom For African Americans?961 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1865, slavery was abolished, by the Thirteenth amendment. This Amendment brought humongous changes and a large number of problems. (Lecture 1) After the destruction of slavery, it left nearly four million African American with no property, little training, and few rights; which made the definition of freedom for African Americans the central question on the nation’s a genda. The big question of the time period was, â€Å"what was freedom for African Americans?† (Give me liberty! An American 550) FromRead MoreChallenges Of Radical Reconstruction748 Words   |  3 PagesFollowing the end of the Civil War in 1865, the United States faced many political challenges. One of these challenges would include the reintegration of the Confederate states that had seceded from the Union. There were many questions and issues with exactly how these states should be reintegrated back into the United States. Another challenge that quickly came to the forefront, after the Civil War, was how to handle the millions of freed African American slaves. This challenge would entail severalRead MoreSlavery and the Civil War1281 Words   |  5 PagesEscaped slaves from the South helped the north to win the Civil War by increasing the number of soldiers fighting in the war for the north and by spying on the south for the north. With the help of escaped slaves fighting the South, the north outnumbered the south in battles, which eventually led to the North’s victory in the Civil War. Escaped slaves form the south also helped the north by spying on the south and reporting to Union officials who reported the information to the Union army. TheRead MoreReconstruction Era1650 Words   |  7 Pages The Reconstruction Era Jessica Onken American History Since 1865 Professor Tim Johnston August 2, 2010 Reconstruction 2 The Reconstruction Era The reconstruction era was a difficult time for the African American slaves from 1865 to 1877 because the slaves were freed and there were no jobs for them, had very little or no education, and had very limited opportunity in the south. Reconstruction was one of the most critical periods in American History. The Civil War changed the nation

New Techniques of Genetic Engineering - 1187 Words

New techniques of genetic engineering have spawned a new understanding of medical procedures and have increased biotechnology products that help us answer questions and solve problems that just one generation couldn’t dream of doing. We have taken Caution at every step during the process of creating biotechnology and genetic engineering procedures they have a huge potential impact. But today we have to decide to which degree these procedures and products be regulated and who gets the power to do so. These concerns are part of the larger issue. The issue of science and public policy. What is human genetic screening? It is the process of analyzing blood or skin to search for people with a certain genotype in a population. It is also an important tool of preventive medicine and it has huge potential to lessen the death average of cancer and other diseases of that caliber. The purpose is to help families that are at high risk for genetic diseases. The human race carries 3,000 to 4,000 diseases just in its genes. The one faulty gene will be hard to find because there are 200,000 healthy genes in one person. So in order to find these elusive variations scientist must look for larger pieces of Deoxyribonucleic acid called markers. A marker is a Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence with a known location on a chromosome. Scientists search for faulty markers so it now becomes theoretical to screen individuals from infants to adults. Markers have been found for a number of diseases such asShow MoreRelated Genetic Engineering: Our Key to a Better World Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages What is genetic engineering one might ask and why is there so much moral controversy surrounding the topic? Genetic engineering as defined by Pete Moore, is the name given to a wide variety of techniques that have one thing in common: they all allow the biologist to take a gene from one cell and insert it into another (SS1). Such techniques included in genetic engineering (both good and bad) are, genetic screening both during the fetal stage and later in life, gene therapy, sex selectionRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Engineered Crops1626 Words   |  7 PagesPeople opposed to genetically engineered crops believe genetically engineering a crop to have a higher nutritional value will cause problems with a person’s diet. They believe people will then disregard other foods besides the new genetically engineered food, and this will cause other health issues. This does not seem likely because genetically engineered crops with enhanced nutritional value are aimed to help people r each a certain daily value of a vitamin or mineral, not to replace a person’s wholeRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Field Of Biomedical Research1710 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering is the latest experimental practice used in the world of biomedical research. This practice refers to humans modifying an animals’ genetic component in order to express a particular trait (Dale et al). The scientific community calls the animals produced by this practice as transgenic animals in order to distinguish between its wild type relative. This innovative technology paved ways for medical breakthroughs, along with the expansion of human understanding towards the mechanismsRead MoreThe Animals Of The Pigs1653 Words   |  7 Pagesdeliberate modification of its genome†1. Method of Genetic Engineering to produce pigs with glowing green snouts: These transgenic pigs were produced using a technique called DNA microinjection2. For the very first time, 10 piglets with glowing green snouts were produced using this technique in year 2013 in China. This technique was first developed by reproductive scientists from the University of Hawai`i at MÄ noa s2. Microinjection technique can be explained in two steps as below: †¢ transferRead MoreThe Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesdiagnosis. There are many aspects of genetic engineering and to thoroughly understand it looking into each is absolutely necessary. In order to understand genetic engineering, the key terms in this controversy that must be defined are the following: recombinant DNA technology, cloning, gene therapy, and the humane genome project. Genetic engineering is the alteration of genetic material by direct intervention in the genetic processes with the purpose of producing new substances or improving functionsRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pagesgroup for their help in improving and reviewing this paper. Finally I would like to thank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modificationRead MoreAnalyzing Genetic Modification And Gene Technology1279 Words   |  6 PagesSource- Analysis of sources Credibility This article is highly credible as the author of the article is a well-known and has spent years researching genetic modification and gene technology therefore it is expected to have some credibility. The credibility of the publishers cannot be guaranteed as it is not a very well-known publishing company. There is evidence of cross referencing and the article has been updated so it contains up to date information. Bias This article is partially biasedRead MoreGenetic Engineering And The Human Existence1193 Words   |  5 Pages Why is genetic engineering crucial to the human existence? Initially, genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the process of manually adding new unique DNA into an organism. The objective is to add one or numerous new traits that are not already constructed in that particular organism. New DNA inserts in the host genome and immediately isolates and replicates the gene of interest by using molecular cloning methods to synthesize a DNA sequence; then inserting this construct intoRead MoreGenetically Modified Animals : Genetic Engineering1518 Words   |  7 Pagesgene technology I hope to share some understanding in the process of gene transfer in animals, the process of obtaining genetically engineered animals, and analyze the social and moral implications associated with this gene technology in animals. Genetic modification of animals started thirty years ago with the production of genetically modified mice. Gene modification is the process of crossing and selective breeding of animals and has been carried out by breeders for quite some time now. These modificationsRead MoreThe Importance Of Genetic Engineering1282 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic engineering is defined as the modification of the characteristics of an organism by altering its genetic material. Although the definition makes it seems clear and concise, it is far more complicated. This new advancement has caused a huge debate over the ethics and laws of what it is able to do. Genetic engineering is immensely important because of the potential benefits it contains and the advances it allows for in the future. The ultimate goal of genetic engineering is to prevent, treat

I couldn’t wait to get there Free Essays

I couldn’t wait to get there, the Cayman Islands this was. On the tiring plane journey there, every soul was asleep apart from mine, dreaming of what the next two weeks was going to be like for me. The crystal-clear cobalt blue seas and the sandy sun-kissed shore. We will write a custom essay sample on I couldn’t wait to get there or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pure paradise and a path to relaxation! Before I knew it we had touched down in Little Cayman the scenery truly exquisite. All I could see was the suns burning hot rays twinkling off the surface of the calm Caribbean Sea. Before my feet had time to touch the ground I was in the sea with my snorkel admiring the picturesque under water life. Completely unspoiled, blessed with natural treasures and with its fabulous underwater visibility it completely took my breath away. With the healthy reef and exciting marine life, nature lovers would find indigenous wildlife and so did I? I couldn’t resist anymore, I took my last breath and prudently swam into a new world under the sea. I felt so powerful, harmlessly eradicating all the different species from my path as I further descended towards the brightly coloured coral. I felt an unusual sensations pass up my body as the plants and coral gently brushed against me. It was getting cold now so my heart sped up dramatically using up my little reserve oxygen I had in me, so I had to get up for some more soon. Just as I pulled away I felt my ankle get clutched together. I panicked, what was it I thought? Coral! As I spun my head round it was in fact a massive octopus. I yanked my foot but he relentlessly held on. I kicked once again, but still to no avail. I was quickly running out of air and the last reserves I had went straight out my mouth and bubbled to the surface. I was thinking unless he lets go I’m going to die. No one will know where I am or what happened to me. This amazing holiday coming to a tragic end. What will my family do? I slowly eased up and my eyes shut. I was slipping in and out of conciseness whilst my lungs filled up with seawater. I was almost dead! Then without no notice he let go my drenched body slowly floated to the surface and popped up like a Boyd. Choking and spluttering, the water soon evacuated my lungs, replaced with well-needed air. I still had no energy and no idea where I was; I certainly didn’t have the energy to swim to the shore. I was fighting for my life. I fell unconscious again. Several hours later I was awoke on the shore, my mum trying to wake me up. How I got back to the shore, I will never know but thank God I’m still alive! How to cite I couldn’t wait to get there, Papers

The Scoop with Ice Cream free essay sample

Many American movies feature girls crying over a bucket of ice cream with a super-sized spoon, watching netflix or a movie. People seem to eat ice cream when sad, happy, celebrating an event, or a eating a midnight snack. Ice cream has affected our world, in more ways than one might think. Discussing its cool history, the difference between ice cream and other frozen treats, and how ice cream affects our world today will help individuals understand the significance it plays in lives across the world. Let’s scoop into this thing we call ice cream. People today don’t seem to know the difference between ice cream, gelato, frozen yogurt, and sherbet. According to recipe4living by Kathryn Steed, there are a few distinct differences between these sweet treats. Ice cream is fluffy and uses around 10% milk fat, whereas gelato uses less butterfat and sugar, and is also more dense. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scoop with Ice Cream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Frozen yogurt is exactly what it sounds like, and has a lower fat content and calories, because it uses milk instead of cream. Lastly, sherbert has a small dairy content, around 1-2% and uses fruit based flavors. The two different styles of ice cream, consist of the French style and Philadelphia. The French style according to thekitchn is made with eggs, whereas the Philadelphia or American style, is not. Traditional flavors include strawberry, chocolate, and vanilla. Vanilla is the most popular, because it acts as a base and has a flavorable outcomein the publics eye. Ice cream can have many toppings, and whether it be in a float, banana split, on a popsicle stick, for a cake, and in a sundae, ice cream can be eaten in many ways. Ice cream has been used for coping mechanisms, for which it seems, since the beginning of time, which brings up a great question. What is the history behind it?The name â€Å"Ice cream† was created after a farmer took the cream from the cow, flavore d it, and froze it, according to foodtimeline by Lynne Olver in 2004. The literal translation means iced cream. Olver goes on to say that the first time the word iced cream showed up, was in 1688 in the Oxford Dictionary, but by 1744, it was changed to ice cream. King Tang of Shang of China, started putting syrup on snow, Alexander the Great put honey in his, and Marco Polo brought his recipe around the world. Jumping forward to 200BC, China started to freeze rice and milk which soon changed ingredients and spread around the world, according to icecreamhistory. By the year 1533 Europe got a taste of the sugary dessert, and in 1744 a Scottish colonist brought the recipe over to North America.George Washington spent over $200 in a summer on just ice cream, which is equal to $3,000 today. In the 17th century, the first ice cream shop opened in France, using milk, butter, and eggs, according to â€Å"Today I Found Out† by Emily Upton on June 16th, 2013. King Henry II, of France s oon passed the recipe to King Charles of England. King Charles loved his recipe so much, that when his chef told the public about it, he was immediately beheaded. The story of the chef being beheaded might make you churn, so instead let’s talk about the machines used to make ice cream. The Industrial Revolution inspired Nancy Johnson to invent a crank ice cream maker, according to inventricity. Her design featured two cylinder containers inside each other. The outside cylinder was used to house ice and rock salt, while the inside cylinder was used to store the ice cream. On top, would be a secure lid and a handle to mix. By mixing the rock salt and ice in the outside cylinder, it forced the ice cream liquid to freeze faster. When the ice cream would freeze faster, it not only made the ice cream colder, it also made it less work for individual making it. The crank model did help make ice cream faster and efficient, but only lasted until the electrical models were invented. Tod ay, there are two main electrical models, which include the self refrigerating and the freezer assisted. First, the self refrigerating model has a built in freezer and though it is normally less expensive, it makes very little ice cream. Next, is the pre frozen container or the freezer assisted, which has an attachable part that goes in your freezer, according to the website Icecreamnation on Dec. 7th, 2011. Another kind of machine used, is for Mexican or fried ice cream. This model is not as common as the the self refrigerating and freezer assisted model. Fried ice cream includes an incredibly cold pan, which they then pour the liquid onto. Now that we’ve talked about the differences between ice cream and many other treats, and the history of ice cream, let’s jump to another spoontaneous topic. Ice cream and ice cream brands, have not only affected history, but also the world we live in today. Brands such as Ben Jerry have taken their profits and used them for local, and not so local, organizations, according to their website. Other popular brands include Blue Bunny and Dreyers, which strive to better their companies. Ice cream brands, such as Ben Jerry, Blue Bunny, and Dreyers, have re-adjusted their prices over the past decade. Meaning a normal half gallon is approximately priced at $4.73 according to statista, whereas in 1960, the average price was 79 cents according to thepeoplehistory. The price of ice cream is growing and so is the amount of ice cream Americans are eating each year. The website fooddemocracy written on June 19th, 2011 says each American eats 24 pound of ice cream each year. Census states that approximatly 324 million people live in the US, which means, Americans combined eat over around 8 billion pounds per year! There are also other countries, oth er than the united states, who eat a lot of ice cream as well. According to quora written in April of 2011, there are 80,000(eighty thousand) privately owned ice cream, gelato, and frozen yogurt shops in the United States, bringing in $18 billion, and an additional $8 billion from the ice cream sold in stores. Each individual ice cream shop has multiple employees, which shows how significant it is to our economy, the workforce, and the rest of the world. The amount spent on ice cream by Americans, doesn’t include the most expensive ice cream sold. Fox News in April of 2015 says the most expensive ice cream sold, was $25,000, meaning $817 per scoop! That ice cream, has edible gold flakes along with many more expensive toppings. In conclusion, ice cream has been around for thousands of years, and is a popular dessert today. The industrial revolution had sparked Nancy Johnson’s mind to create the crank ice cream maker, and before that George Washington would eat $3,000 of ice cream in a summer. Americans eat over 8 billion pounds of it a year, yet some still can’t tell the differences. Whether it is on a cone, popsicle stick, for a cake or in a sundae, everyone seems to enjoy this cool treat. Two popular ice cream makers are the self refrigerating and the pre frozen, and two styles of ice cream are French and Philadelphia, the French with eggs and the American with none. Ice cream has changed a lot, since first showing up in the dictionary in 1688, but one thing that will never change, is the fact that using super sized spoons while watching netflix will always be pretty sweet.

Mysteries Of The World Essays - British Films,

Mysteries of the World Mystery and the study of the unknown has always fascinated people. The search for truth in the "uncomprehensible" has led to many controversies. Some believe in the "supernatural", while others simply do not. Both types of people obviously have their own reasonings for believing or disbelieving in it. There are numerous world famous mysteries that are still controversial and remain "unsolved" to this day. Some of these mysteries include the Loch Ness Monster, the Abominable Snowman, and the Bermuda Triangle. The Loch Ness Monster is a legendary animal that supposedly resides in the depths of Loch Ness, a long narrow lake situated in rural Scotland. Stories concerning the monster date back to the 6th century A.D. The region was in complete isolation until a road was built alongside the lake in 1933. Then large numbers of people travelled through the region for the very first time. Over the years thousands have reported seeing something in the lake. Most reports depict a long neck surging from the water with a small head of a unknown creature. Pictures have even been taken of this "creature", but most scientists however, refuse to believe any creature of this kind lives in the Loch Ness. They claim that most reported cases are simply products of overactive imaginations, and as for the pictures, scientists say they are not lucid enough to distinguish items clearly, and some pictures are dubbed as "fake". A large number of non- scientists believe however, that the Loch Ness is the site of a breeding colony of large unknown aquatic animals, due to the fact that Loch Ness was once an arm of the sea. Yearly summer investigations have been conducted since 1963 in attempt to unravel the mystery. Investigators have obtained films and sonar readings that indicate that there just might be some unknown animal in the depths of the Loch Ness. Evidence however, is inconclusive, and the controversy continues. Along with the Loch Ness monster, the abominable snowman shares fame as one the great mysteries of the world. The abominable snowman is a legendary creature of the Himalaya mountain region. It is reported to live in forested regions near the snow line. This creature is also known to some by the name Yeti. The abominable snowman is said to walk upright and have the appearance of half-man, half-ape. Many of the descriptions given to this creature are based upon the findings of large, unidentified foot prints in the snow, found in the Himalayas. In order to ascertain the truth behind the abominable snowman legends, countless expeditions have been undertaken, and most turned up empty. Today most experts hold the view that the "abominable snowman" is simply a "fairy tale" and don't take the matter seriously. The foot prints used to support the legends, are thought by scientists, to be prints of a bear or markings left my drifting snow and falling rocks. The legend of the abominable snowman has been kept alive 'till this day, mostly by the Sherpa, a tribe of people living in the Himalayas. These people have always kept the belief that the abominable snowman is a true fact of life. To them he is seen as a religious figure, to be feared as well as protected. Without any concise evidence however, no one can prove this legendary animal from the mountains exists, so the mystery continues to baffle. Like the Loch Ness monster and the abominable snowman, the Bermuda triangle presents another intriguing wonder to the world. The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's triangle, is a triangular area of the Atlantic Ocean (305,000 km2) where the disappearances of ships, airplanes, and boats has led to the belief that "supernatural" forces inhabit this area of the sea. More than 200 planes, ships, and boats are believed to have disappeared in this triangle without a trace. This includes over 1,000 seamen and airmen. In most of these disappearances, it is the fact that no distress signal was ever received from the disappearing ships and/or planes that heightens the mystery of what happened to them. Although violent storms and downward air currents frequently occur in the area, scientists have not revealed anything extremely peculiar. Boundaries of the

Sample of an Essay - What is a Sample of an Essay?

Sample of an Essay - What is a Sample of an Essay?Students, whether students at high school or college level, are often asked to complete a sample of an essay. Such a sample is meant to test the student's abilities. A sample of an essay, even if the essay is short, is usually over the course of one page.The sample of an essay may be from a newspaper or magazine article, or a book or short story. Sometimes a teacher asks students to write about a current issue or event that has caught their attention. There are many reasons why students are asked to write about such topics. Usually, it is for marking purposes, for grading purposes, or for evaluating student performance.Another way in which students are given a chance to express themselves is through a different method. Often, the teachers in charge of assigning essays will provide a scenario of what a student might write about. In this scenario, a student is asked to write from the point of view of a student in the situation described .Often, these essay samples do not have to be any longer than a single page. They can be anywhere from five to ten pages long. Some students feel as though they could use the sample of an essay to demonstrate what a student would say. Others believe that it is a waste of time to go back and rewrite what they wrote to make it sound better.As I stated earlier, essay samples are usually over the course of one page. Most students feel that they can fill in the blanks on their own with the help of a dictionary. However, there are also occasions when a student can't remember what the topic of an essay is because the topic of an essay has changed throughout the writing process.In order to be prepared for any type of scenario, there is a need to keep a note book. Keep a few examples of an essay handy. You will find them to be very helpful, even though they won't actually be used for your essay.Finally, if you find yourself having to write a different sample of an essay, don't forget to thro w in a few tips and tricks of the trade. Keep these tips in mind so that you do not put yourself in a hole. If you can remember these tips, you can save yourself the trouble of writing a test or essay.

Teddy Bear Essays - English-language Films, Teddy Bear, Bear

Teddy Bear Essays - English-language Films, Teddy Bear, Bear Teddy Bear A bear, however hard he tries Grows tubby without exercise. Our Teddy Bear is short and fat, Which is not to be wondered at; He gets what exercise he can By falling off the ottoman, But generally seems to lack The energy to clamber back. Now tubbiness is just the thing Which gets a fellow wondering; And Teddy worried lots about The fact that he was rather stout. He thought: "If only I were thin! But how does anyone begin?" He thought: "It really isn't fair To grudge one exercise and air." For many weeks he pressed in vain His nose against the window-pane, And envied those who walked about Reducing their unwanted stout. None of the people he could see "Is quite" (he said) "as fat as me!" Then, with a still more moving sigh, "I mean" (he said) "as fat as I!" Now Teddy, as was only right, Slept in the ottoman at night, And with him crowded in as well More animals than I can tell; Not only these, but books and things, Such as a kind relation brings - Old tales of "Once upon a time," And history retold in rhyme. One night it happened that he took A peep at an old picture-book, Wherein he came across by chance The picture of a King of France (A stoutish man) and, down below, These words: "King Louis So and So, Nicknamed 'The Handsome!'" There he sat, And (think of it!) the man was fat! Our bear rejoiced like anything To read about this famous King, Nicknamed "The Handsome." There he sat, And certainly the man was fat. Nicknamed "The Handsome." Not a doubt The man was definitely stout. Why then, a bear (for all his tub ) Might yet be named "The Handsome Cub!" "Might yet be named." Or did he mean That years ago he "might have been"? For now he felt a slight misgiving: "Is Louis So and So still living? Fashions in beauty have a way Of altering from day to day. Is 'Handsome Louis' with us yet? Unfortunately I forget." Next morning (nose to window-pane) The doubt occurred to him again. One question hammered in his head: "Is he alive or is he dead?" Thus, nose to pane, he pondered; but The lattice window, loosely shut, Swung open. With one startled "Oh!" Our Teddy disappeared below. There happened to be passing by A plump man with a twinkling eye, Who, seeing Teddy in the street, Raised him politely to his feet, And murmured kindly in his ear Soft words of comfort and of cheer: "Well, well!" "Allow me!" "Not at all." "Tut-tut! A very nasty fall." Our Teddy answered not a word; It's doubtful if he even heard. Our bear could only look and look: The stout man in the picture-book! That 'handsome' King - could this be he, This man of adiposity? "Impossible," he thought. "But still, No harm in asking. Yes I will!" "Are you," he said,"by any chance His Majesty the King of France?" The other answered, "I am that," Bowed stiffly, and removed his hat; Then said, "Excuse me," with an air, "But is it Mr Edward Bear?" And Teddy, bending very low, Replied politely, "Even so!" They stood beneath the window there, The King and Mr Edward Bear, And, handsome, if a trifle fat, Talked carelessly of this and that. Then said His Majesty, "Well, well, I must get on," and rang the bell. "Your bear, I think," he smiled. "Good-day!" And turned, and went upon his way. A bear, however hard he tries, Grows tubby without exercise. Our Teddy Bear is short and fat, Which is not to be wondered at. But do you think it worries him To know that he is far from slim? No, just the other way about - He's proud of being short and stout

The History of the Olmec Site of La Venta

The History of the Olmec Site of La Venta The Olmec capital of La Venta is located in the city of Huimanguillo, in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, 15 kilometers (9 miles) inland from the Gulf coast. The site is perched on a narrow natural elevation approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) long which rises above the wetland swamps on the coastal plain. La Venta was first occupied as early as 1750 BC, becoming an Olmec temple-town complex between 1200 and 400 BC. La Venta was the primary center of the Olmec culture and likely the most important regional capital in non-Maya Mesoamerica during the Middle Formative period (approximately 800-400 BC). In its heyday, La Ventas residential zone included an area of ~200 hectares (500 acres), with a population numbering in the thousands. Architecture at La Venta Most of the structures at La Venta were built of wattle-and-daub walls placed atop earthen or adobe mudbrick platforms or mounds  and covered with a thatched roof. Little natural stone was available, and, apart from the massive stone sculptures, the only stone used in public architecture was a few basalt, andesite and limestone foundational support or internal buttresses. The 1.5 km (~1 mi) long civic-ceremonial core of La Venta includes over 30 earthen mounds and platforms. The core is dominated by a 30 meter (100 foot) high clay pyramid (called Mound C-1), which has been heavily eroded  but was likely the largest single building at the time in Mesoamerica. Despite the lack of native stone, La Ventas artisans crafted sculptures including four colossal heads from massive blocks of stone quarried from the Tuxtla Mountains approximately 100 km (62 mi) to the west. The most intensive archaeological investigations at La Venta were conducted in Complex A, a small group of low clay platform mounds and plazas within an area of about 1.4 hectares (3 acres), located immediately north of the tallest pyramidal mound. Most of Complex A was destroyed shortly after the excavations in 1955, by a combination of looters and civic development. However, detailed maps of the area were made by the excavators and, due primarily to the efforts of archaeologist Susan Gillespie, a digital map of the buildings and construction events at Complex A has been made (Gillespie, Gillespie, and Volk). Read more on Complex A at La Venta Subsistence Methods Traditionally, scholars have attributed the rise of Olmec society to the development of maize agriculture. According to recent investigations, however, the people at La Venta subsisted on fish, shellfish and terrestrial faunal remains until about 800 BC, when maize, beans, cotton, palm and other crops were grown in gardens on relict beach ridges, called tierra de primera by maize farmers today, perhaps fueled by long-distance trade networks. Killion (2013) conducted a survey of paleobotanical data from several Olmec period sites including La Venta. He suggests that the initial founders at La Venta and other Early Formative sites such as San Lorenzo were not farmers, but rather were hunter-gatherer-fishers. That dependence on mixed hunting and gathering extends well into the Formative period. Killion suggests that the mixed subsistence worked in the well-watered lowland environments, but that a wetland environment was not suited to intensive agriculture. La Venta and the Cosmos La Venta is oriented 8 degrees west of north, like most Olmec sites, the significance of which is obscure to date. This alignment is echoed in Complex As central avenue, which points to the central mountain. The central bars of each of La Ventas mosaic pavements  and the four elements of the quincunxes in the mosaics are positioned at intercardinal points. Complex D at La Venta is an E-Group configuration, a specific layout of buildings identified at over 70 Maya sites and believed to have been designed to track movements of the sun. Archaeology La Venta was excavated by members of the Smithsonian Institution, including Matthew Stirling, Philip Drucker, Waldo Wedel and Robert Heizer, in three major excavations between 1942 and 1955. Most of this work was focused on Complex A: and the finds from that work were published in popular texts and La Venta quickly became the type site for defining the Olmec culture. Shortly after the 1955 excavations, the site was badly damaged by looting and development, although a brief expedition did retrieve some stratigraphic data. Much was lost in Complex A, which was torn up by bulldozers. A map of Complex A made in 1955 formed the basis for digitizing the field records of the site. Gillespie and Volk worked together to create a three-dimensional map of Complex A, based on archived notes and drawings and published in 2014. The most recent archaeological studies have been undertaken by Rebecca Gonzlez Lauck at the Instituto Nacional de Antropologà ­a e Historia (INAH). Sources Clark JE, and Colman A. 2013. Olmec Things and Identity: A Reassessment of Offerings and Burials at La Venta, Tabasco. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association  23(1):14-37. doi: 10.1111/apaa.12013 Gillespie S. 2011. Archaeological Drawings as Re-Presentations: The Maps of Complex A, La Venta, Mexico. Latin American Antiquity  22(1):3-36. doi: 10.7183/1045-6635.22.1.3 Gillespie SD, and Volk M. In press. A 3d model of Complex A, La Venta, Mexico. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (in press). doi: 10.1016/j.daach.2014.06.001 Killion TW. 2013. Nonagricultural cultivation and social complexity (with commentary). Current Anthropology 54(5):596-606. doi: 10.2307/276200 Pohl MD, and von Nagy C. 2008. The Olmec and their contemporaries. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology . London: Elsevier Inc. p 217-230. doi: 10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00425-8 Reilly FK. 1989. Enclosed ritual spaces and the watery underworld in Formative period architecture: New observations on the function of La Venta Complex A. In: Robertson MG, and Fields VM, editors. Seventh Palenque Round Table. San Francisco: Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute. Rust WF, and Sharer RJ. 1988. Olmec Settlement Data from La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. Science 242(4875):102-104. doi: 10.1126/science.242.4875.102

Media Log and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Log and Analysis - Essay Example Through an analysis of my media consumption, I managed to draw some conclusions and decipher a pattern. I will highlight the issue of sending text messages first. I realized that I am accustomed to sending more text messages during periods that I am not engaging actively in another activity. For example, I am likely to send very few texts when I am driving or playing video games. From my records, I sent a minimum of 30 messages over the 7 hours that I was busy playing video games. On the contrary, I sent 150 messages over a similar duration when I did not have much to do. This makes it clear that sending messages is a preferred preoccupation during times when I have nothing else to do. My first day of recording was a Friday and considering the fact that I sent 263 messages on Friday and 150 on Saturday, I deciphered that Saturday is a busier day translating to lesser time spent sending messages. The number of messages sent on Friday tells it all that I had little to do and I needed t o preoccupy myself through catching up with friends via messages. From this, I deciphered a negative relationship between the level of activity in the realistic world and the level of engagement in the electronic media world. Although sending text messages is fun, I realize that is should engage in real-time conversations with people. In addition, text messages often leave the recipient with a lot of room of reading in between the lines and deciphering more that a simple text intended to communicate. Moreover, I realized that it is easier for me to send a text message that starting up a conversation when I am around people (Wankel and Shaun 139). This serves to highlight the negative effects of relying on electronic media. Apparently, although I spent a lot of time sending text messages, phone calls are limited. On the first day, which was a Friday, I recorded fourteen calls. Interestingly, half of these calls were from family while the rest were from my close associates. The other two days had fewer phone calls because I was a lot busier. Sunday had only five phone calls and this implies that I spent quality time having real time conversations. Sending more text messages and having few phone calls reveals a different pattern in electronic media consumption. It shows sending messages is a preference over telephone conversations. The fact that I only engage in only fourteen phone calls while sending 263 text messages to friends only implies that I find it easier to talk to peers who are miles apart through messaging services. Moreover, I sent 126 messages on Friday from 22hrs to 4.00 am, but only had three phone calls. This implies that there is great preference to text friends during the night than during the day. However, this only happens when I am not busying myself with another form of electronic media, such as video gaming. It is evident that sending text messages has taken away the beauty of face-to-face relationships. Before this analysis, I had never r ealized that I have detached myself from the real people in my life. This has occurred in two ways. During my free time, I am busy with my phone instead of engaging actively with the people next to me (Wankel and Shaun 139). For example, it is likely for me to be sending text messages, active on the internet or checking mails instead of catching up with family over dinner. Alternatively, I would also watch a movie

Childhood Obesity in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Childhood Obesity in the UK - Essay Example As the discussion highlights  the past several decades indicate that the chances and medical science and technology can help to prevent and oftentimes banish entirely diseases such as rickets, mumps, whooping cough, polio, and a litany of others is profound. However, one of the realities that is been noted within the current time with regards to the health and longevity of the population is with respect to the detrimental effect that obesity has upon the health of those affected by it.This essay discusses that  the situation regarding childhood obesity, in the United Kingdom, is reaching and alarming level. Scholars have indicated that roughly one in three children currently living within the United Kingdom can be considered obese. The obvious problem that exists with regards to this is not necessarily due to the fact that these children are merely obese; rather, the problem that exists is due to the fact that children who suffer from obesity facing exponentially higher risk of d eveloping any number of other diseases. These can include but are not limited to diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and many others.  The issue with childhood obesity, as is oftentimes misunderstood, does not merely go away once the child reaches adulthood. Further studies have indicated that an individual who suffers from childhood obesity is almost invariably going to suffer from adult obesity and likely developed at least one of the prior diseases which a been referenced earlier in this analysis.

Financial Systems of Ghana and Nigeria

Financial Systems of Ghana and Nigeria Since the idea of Adam Smiths invincible hands also known as invincible hand of the market, the allocative power of the market has been generally recognised. These ideas have been reinforced by the apparent failure of Keynesian theories of government intervention to stand the test of time. As a result of the adoption of SAP (Structural Adjustment programme) by most developing countries including Ghana and Nigerian which are my main concentration, the debate of liberalization versus intervention has been rekindled. The major area of concentration is if these developing countries (Ghana and Nigeria) with imperfect markets have benefitted from recent liberalization efforts in the structural adjustment programme. Financial liberalization is usually an important component of a countrys strategy for economic growth. In an old fashion way, financial liberalization, has come to be most universally linked with freeing of interest rates, but now financial liberalization is seen as a process involving a much broader set of measures geared toward the elimination of various restrictions on the financial sector, such as the removal of portfolio restrictions on the banking sector, the reform of the external sector, and also changes in the workings of the monetary policy THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF GHANA AND NIGERIA. A key stylised fact about financial systems in developing countries is that they are dominated by commercial banks (Fry, I995, pp. 4-5; Rojas-Suairez and Weisbrod, I995, pp. 4) Ghana and Nigerias financial system consists of a large fragmented informal sector and formal sector. The formal sector is made up of central bank(Bank of Ghana and Central Bank of Nigeria) at the apex, with 42 commercial banks for both countries; Nigeria (26) and Ghana (16), development banks (Nigeria, (5), Ghana (3) , and merchant banks (30) Nigeria), (Ghana, (10), insurance companies, stock exchange, building society, community banks. The structure of Nigerias financial system will be explained below: Regulatory Authorities: they regulate the Nigerian financial system, and they include Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the Federal Ministry of Finance (FMF), Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),), and the National Board for Community Banks (NBCB, National Insurance Commission (NIC). These regulatory authorities will be explained in detail below. 1. Federal Ministry of Finance: the role of this regulatory authority is to advise the Federal Government on its fiscal operation and make sure it follows whatever the central bank of Nigeria says concerning the monetary matters of the country. 2. FEDERAL MORTGAGE BANK OF NIGERIA (FMBN) The role of the is to provide banking and advisory services, and also to undertake research activities pertaining to housing. After the adoption of the National Housing Policy in 1990, The FMBN is empowered to licence and control main mortgage institutions in Nigeria and act as the peak regulatory body for the mortgage finance industry. 3. The central bank of Nigeria The central bank of Nigeria has the same responsibilities as the bank of Ghana. It was established by the central bank of Nigeria act of 1958 and commenced operation on July 1, 1959. Their major regulatory objective is to issue legal tender to the economy, banker of last resort, financial adviser to the government, enhance monetary stability and a good financial environment which will be of benefit to the country in the short and long run. the central bank of Nigerias success is partly as a result of the rise in crude oil prices. 4. The Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation: Its role is to complement the supervisory and regulatory role of central bank of Nigeria (CBN). It has the right to examine the books and affairs of the insured banks in Nigeria and other deposit taking financial institutions. ORIGIN OF FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION IN NIGERIA Nigerias economy has always been dependent on oil prices since the early 1960s. As a result of the collapse of world oil prices and the reduction in the production of petroleum in the early 1980s, the nature of the countrys economic and financial position became very weak and vulnerable. This led to recession and economic deterioration. The economy was characterised by shortages in its foreign exchange, debt crises, negative economic growth and high rates of unemployment, Indeed, beginning from 1982, and through 1984, the country had become saddled with negative trends in economic growth as indicated by the decline in the gross domestic product (GDP) (0.35% in 1982; -5.37% in 1983; and -5.18% in 1984), persistent current account and budget deficits, a huge number of uncpmleted projects in the public sector, factory closures, large-scale retrenchment, acute shortages of essential commodities and galloping inflation, (Odusola,2001,p4). The government decided to carry out some short run stabilization measures, one of which was to foster employment through the creation of public sector jobs, this exerted more pressure on the budget, not withstanding that, public sector employment grew by a further 18 per cent between 1981and 1984. This policy promoted migration into cities, as the increases in government salaries during this period compared to that of the rural areas was more favourably. Urban migration and its attendant unemployment problems became even more pronounced in 1981 when the Government increased the minimum wage rate to the entry level salary of public sector employees. Urban unemployment increased significantly, from 2 ½ per cent in 1980 to 10 per cent in 1985, while rural unemployment rose from 4 per cent to 6 per cent over the same period. Real per capital income fell significantly as well, from US$1,010 in 1981 to US$850 in 1985 (Odusola, 2001, Pp4). Nigeria financial sector was characterised by rigid exchange and interest rate controls, sart orial allocation of bank credit (Okpara, 2010, P54), the naira was overvalued, all of which made the economy more exposed to risk of default and practically led to distortions that resulted into low direct investment, which in turn led to financial repression. it will be discussed more in-depth below. Financial repression discouraged investment in information capital; it also discouraged savings mobilization, in the sense that it was not vigorously pursued. The financial system incurred a lot of cost in financial intermediation, and it was as a result of inactive liquidity and liability management and incentives to increase efficiency. Not only was Nigeria the only country going through this problem of financial repression, much of the twentieth century saw intensified financial repression (Caprio et al, 2001 p5), for example, Ecuador, Uruguay, Mexico, Ghana, Malawi, Tanzania etc, all had the problem of financial repression in their economy. As a result of the financial repression i n the economy, the government decided to adopt a financial sector reform to help increase the countries economy. The programme they adopted was called Structural adjustment programme (SAP). STRCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMME IN GHANA AND NIGERIA. The Ghanaian economy also went through the same problems as the Nigerian economy during the early 1980s. They had similar problems as the Nigerian economy; which include, high default rates, high rates of inflation, weakened confidence in the financial system. These affected the ability of the banks to perform their intermediation function properly (Acquaye and Sowa, 1999, p395). The major objectives of this SAP were, among others, to: Restructure the economy in a way to reduce its dependence on oil as its main source of income. Revitalise the financial sector by creating new institutions Reduce fisal balance of payment problems Promote non-inflationary economic growth. The key policies designed to achieve these objective were: The liberalization of the external trade and payments system-dismantling of price, trade and exchange controls; Implementation of methods to encourage domestic production and expand the supply base of the economy; The setting up of a Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market (SFEM) as a mechanism of realistic exchange rate. The rationalization and restructuring of public sector enterprises and overhauling of the public sector administrative structure. Reinforcement of important and strong demand management policies; More rationalisation and restructuring of tariffs in order to aid industrial diversification; The elimination of price controls and commodity boards; The key reforms that have already been implemented as part of the financial liberalization policies include; Changing of the concept of a credit ceiling with OMO(Open market operation) Promoting competition and efficiency in the financial system Liberalizing interest rate, exchange rate, but in general the financial sector. The financial sector reforms were thrown into crisis by the sequencing of reform measures and the lack of the necessary prerequisites for liberalization. Particularly, the deregulation of interest rate and the requirements for market entry led to the instability of the financial system. A series of corrective measures had to be adopted, raising questions of policy credibility (Aiyeetey et al, 1997, P196). THE STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMME: THEORETICAL BASIS Virtually every sub Saharan African country including Nigeria and Ghana experienced major changes in the overall direction of the national economic policy in the early 1980s. These policy reforms were implemented as an integral part of the structural adjustment programmes (SAP) prescribed by the World Bank and the stabilization programme of the international monetary fund (IMF) (Olasupo, 2005, p 7). The structural adjustment programme had a lot of objectives, but the major objective of this reform programme was to correct the alleged distortions which made sustained economic growth and recovery in the economies difficult. Notwithstanding the general decision of the countries to undertake the adjustment programme, there has since the start of the 1990 decade, been wide ranging argument surrounding the theoretical paradigm underlying the SAP and their suitability to African countries. The first which is the unrequited orthodoxy; it emphasizes how well the adjusters have done in compari son to non adjusters. According to this perspective, the regime of restricted inward looking policies resulted in over protected industrial structure, balance of payment problems (Olasupo 2005, p10). They also contend that development problems will be solved by more adjustment not less, with this they concluded that sub- Saharan African countries experienced poor macroeconomic growth and performance relative to their South East Asian counterparts, because economies in the former were exposed to long term government intervention and restrictive macroeconomic and sectorial polices. The modified orthodoxy sees adjustment programmes in an economy as a necessary but not sufficient condition for development, because adjustment is only capable of stabilizing economies in the short term. This orthodoxy believes that other measures must be put in place for African development to occur in the medium and long term. A strong proponent of this approach puts it, the most significant shortcoming o f current structural adjustment programs is the lack of logical linkage between the short-term objectives of attaining balance-of-payments equilibrium and improving allocative efficiency and the long-term objective of sustainable development Nguyuru Lipumba, (p. 9) FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION AND REPRESSION. Financial liberalization is the process of breaking away from a state of financial repression. Financial repression has been most commonly associated with government fixing of interest rates and its adverse consequences on the financial sector as well as on the economy. The term financial repression was originally coined by economists interested in less developed countries (LDCs) Gupta, 2004, Pp2. It originated in the works of Ronald I. McKinnon and Edward S. Shaw in the early 1970s, to describe a developing countrys environment, defining it as the set of government legal restrictions preventing the financial intermediaries in the economy from functioning at their full capacity level. The most common forms that this intervention takes are interest rate regulations, directed credit schemes, and high reserve ratios. The literature on financial repression stresses that because savings levels are sensitive to real interest rate, nominal interest rate controls; cumulative inflation reduces the amount of the national income. The benefits of financial repression, as opposed to financial liberalization, are debated on several points Ozdemir Erbil, (2008). In theory, it is believed that financial repression can make it better to control money supply in an economy and also control over interest rate which will induce investment. Another argument in favour of financial repression is that government controls on financial markets are needed for developing countries. In practice, financial repression appears to have yielded government revenue in the order of 2 % of GDP on average in samples of developing countries (Giovannini and de Melo, I 993; Fry et al. I 996, p. 36). The main conviction of the advocates for financial repression is that the government knows better than the market. The repression mechanism works through the interest rate and the exchange rates. Therefore moving from financial repression to financial liberalization would require extra budgetary measures and could create budgetary problems, Like in the case of Nigeria in the early 1980s when the government seeked to reduce unemployment in the urban areas and the outcome of this decision exerted more pressure on the budget. Financial liberalization may increase the fiscal deficit and the cost to finance, as the government loses revenues and is forced to pay more market-based interest rates on its existing debt. On the other hand, the most popular argument which favours financial liberalization is the rising growth effect by motivating savings and investment. Financial liberalization may increase the level of savings and improve the allocation of savings among potential investors. This will lead to the creation of more available funds and hence economic growth. Financial liberalization may decrease the cost of capital, but on the other hand, movements which cause the crises and macroeconomic instability may have a negative impact on economic growth Ozdemir and Erbil (2008). This debate highlights the need for further sound empirical evidence on the benefits of financial liberalization on economic growth, especially for small open economies of developing countries. FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION AND SAVINGS The advocates of financial liberalization do not seek to induce savings, but to promote and increase the volume and efficiency of capital formation. While financial reform can affect saving through various potential channels, on the whole its net effect is ambiguous.( Schmidt- Hebbel and Serven,2002, p2). Moreover saving is often considered beneficial for its financial dimensions. In open economies, raising national saving is a way to reduce the dependence on foreign saving, protecting the economy from external shocks. This is an important policy concern in a world of increasing financial integration. Together with a strong and well-capitalized financial system, saving represents a form of self -insurance to reduce the economys vulnerability to unexpected reversals of international capital flows. In this manner, saving can help reduce macroeconomic volatility, which empirically has been shown to hamper growth (Ramey and Ramey 1995; Fatà ¡s 2000). Various researchers have shown some empirical evidence that although financial liberalization results in higher interest rate and financial deepening , it does not really lead to higher savings. In majority of countries, financial reforms are followed by declines in savings (Okereke,2009). Bandiera et al (2000) estimated an econometric relationship Showing the private saving ratio as a function of the real interest rate and degree of openness as an index for financial liberalization, along with income, inflation and public savings. analyze the experience of eight countries that underwent significant reforms in their financial systems, namely Chile, Ghana, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Turkey and Zimbabwe. Foe this countries they measured the effect of liberalization on the volume of aggregate savings, their results Their results do not provide a clear answer on the impact of reforms on saving, as the effect appears significantly negative in some cases (Korea and Mexico), positive in some others (Greece and Turkey) and insignificant in the Indonesia, Malaysia, Zimbabwe, and Ghana. In a study similar to theirs i.e.(Bandiera et al), Loayza and Shanka(2000), used India as their country of observation, and the savings rate from India and found out that financial reform has not changed the savings rate, but moved the composition of savings in India towards a higher share of durable goods. Ostry and levey(1995), in their findings maintained that financial development as a result of liberalization reduced savings. Bennett et al(2001), in their work, also found a negative significant effect on savings. CONSEQUENCES OF FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION Policies that make an economy open to the rest of the world and they are needed for sustained economic growth. No country has achieved economic success, in terms of substantial increases in living standards for its people, without being open to rest of the world. Trade opening has been an important element in the economic success of East Asia, where the average import tariff has fallen from 30 percent to 10% over the past 20 years. Opening up economies to global economy has been essential in enabling many developing countries to develop competitive advantages in different sectors of their economy. Countries that have opened their economies in recent years, foe example India in 1991, have experienced faster growth rate and more poverty reduction, a proof is that following the economic reforms, the country began to develop a fast paced economic growth. India is the eleventh largest economy in the world There are some negative effects experienced by countries or the world in general in terms of their reform policies that has outweighs the benefits of such reforms, this statement can be applied to the effects of financial liberalization despite its benefits in terms of access to more capital inflows. Financial liberalization creates exposure to various kinds of risk and they include; a propensity to lead to financial internal and external financial crises, inadequate access to funds for small scale producers etc. Many researchers have carried out empirical studies on financial liberalization on financial fragility of the economy, and their conclusion is that liberalization increases the fragility of the financial system. According to (Demirguc-kunt detragiache), one of the reason why financial liberalization may lead to increased financial sector fragility is that the removal of interest rate ceilings and also the reduction of barriers to entry reduces bark franchise values, thus exacerbating moral hazards problems. The moral hazards problem is a special case of information asymmetry, a situation in which one party in a transaction has more information than another. Normally banks try to protect their franchise, and the risk of losing their franchise, but during a period of policy reform such as financial liberalization, where there is free entry in to the market or financial sector, so as a result of that there is more competition, this erodes franchise values. If the effort of reform does not incorporate adequate strengthening of the prudential regulations and supervision to realign incentives, lower franchise values are likely to lead to increased fragility (Stiglitz et al (2001) Tornell et al (2003), in their studies, they said that financial liberalization is bad for growth because it leads to crises. Their empirical analysis shows that in countries with harsh credit market imperfections, financial liberalization leads to a more rapid growth but also a more higher incidence of crises. They also argued that liberalization leads to faster growth because it eases financial constraints, but on one condition that this occurs if agents which are the government, investors and creditors take on credit risk which makes the economy fragile and prone to crisis.

How far was Lloyd Georges fall from grace in 1922 the result of his own mistakes after 1918? Essay

A general election held in 1918 gave Lloyd George and the Conservative coalition a very comfortable majority in parliament, but it also left Lloyd George in an untenable position. The coalition consisted overwhelmingly of Conservatives, meaning that Lloyd George’s hold on power was extremely weak. He could not do many of the things he would have liked to do in a purely Liberal government, simply because he did not have the support of the Conservatives. After the war, Lloyd George faced some very serious domestic problems. Firstly was the issue of the German reparations and punishments. There was a strong feeling in Britain that Germany was fully responsible for the war, and therefore should be punished severely. Lloyd George did not subscribe to this opinion. He felt that Germany should be punished, but not to the extent that it ceased to exist. He came to the conclusion that if Germany was effectively destroyed by war payments, it would leave a large power vacuum in the centre of Europe. Lloyd George was worried that this gap would be filled by the Communist ideals of the Bolsheviks. Along with this, the post-war depression that was consuming Britain resulted in a loss of popularity for Lloyd George. The new markets Britain were relying after the war had not materialized, and several of Britain’s old markets had found cheaper suppliers. This resulted in a large scale closing of many industries. The failure of both France and Russia to pay back their war loans meant that Britain in turn was not able to pay back the loans borrowed from America. This in turn resulted in a dramatic increase in unemployment, going far beyond the ‘intractable million’. In both of these situations, the Conservatives in the coalition were more than happy to sit back and let Lloyd George take the blame for these domestic problems. They began to notice his dwindling popularity and made no effort to halt it. The Conservatives were more than aware that they had a large enough amount of MP’s to have an overall majority in parliament, so for the time being they were content to sit back and allow Lloyd George to try and work Britain out of it’s economical mess. After the war, the vast gap in Liberal and Conservative policy became overwhelmingly apparent. The pressing issue of the continuing nationalisation of the coal mines caused many problems for Lloyd George. As a liberal, George was in favour of public ownership of the mines. Knowing that it would be impossible to convince the Conservatives to carry on with the nationalisation, he ordered an independent commission into the matter. He told the trade unions that he would abide by whatever was decided by the commission. Lloyd George assumed he had averted the matter by appointing a top judge, Mr. Justice Sankey. Lloyd George felt that Sankey was bound to want privatisation of the mines. When Sankey found in favour of continuing nationalisation, Lloyd George was in a compromising situation. He had already promised to carry out whatever Mr. Sankey decided, but he did not want to upset the Conservative majority. In the end, Lloyd George decided to do nothing. This greatly upset the trade unions, and resulted in a lasting distrust in him. The Chanak incident resulted in a similar situation for Lloyd George. Firstly, it widened the chasm between the two factions of the coalition further, with Lloyd George supporting the Greeks, and the Conservatives continuing their support of Turkey. More importantly, the Conservatives were worried with Lloyd George putting Britain at military risk so soon after WWII. This is the clearest sign of Conservative disillusionment with continuing the coalition. Lloyd George was also plagued by external factors he had no control over. An example of this is the change in leadership of the Conservative party. Bonar Law was an extremely influential figure within his party. He was good at persuading people to his point of view. His successor Austen Chamberlain lacked the finesse of Bonar Law. He spoke to his party about continuing the coalition only days after two coalition Conservative MPs had been defeated in by elections. This meant that at the time the Conservatives had very little patient with the coalition. The growing disenchantment with Lloyd George was only elevated by his style of government. During the war, George formed a small war cabinet that had the power to make changes in any area of the government. After the war, this continued. Rather than consulting his cabinet on important matters, he preferred to consult a small group of advisors. This obviously upset the Conservative cabinet, as their influence over Lloyd George was falling. Another source of discontent from the Conservatives toward Lloyd George was the so called ‘honours scandal’. After his split from Asquith and the original Liberal party, Lloyd George’s liberals needed a secure source of funding. To aid this, he allowed honours to be sold to wealthy people for a great deal of money. This was certainly not the first example of this happening, but it was the first example of it happening on such a wide scale. To further contribute to the problem, several less than savoury business bought themselves titles. The press caught hold of these affairs and made it commonly known, much to the Conservatives dismay. Examples like these show clearly that Lloyd George contributed significantly to his own downfall, but it’s likely that the Conservative decline in support played a larger part in his fall from grace. While Lloyd George was popular with the public, he was an electoral asset, but as his popularity among the electorate decreased, so did his support from the Conservatives. Backbench Conservative MPs were particularly upset with continuing the coalition as it meant they had less promotion opportunities as a number of cabinet places had to be filled by Liberal MPs. Even if Lloyd George’s popularity among the electorate had remained high, it is hard to imagine the Conservatives wanting to continue the coalition past 1922. The 1918 election had given the Conservatives the confidence they needed after having several years out of power. They realised they would have had a majority in Parliament without the Liberals in the coalition. While it is impossible to ignore Lloyd George’s shortcoming as Prime Minster in peace time, it is clear that Conservative disillusionment was the main cause of his downfall. Bibliography: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk http://www.llgc.org.uk â€Å"David Lloyd George – A Biography† Peter Rowland